Risk Factors Associated with Surgical Site Infection within 30 Days after Colon Surgery, in a Fourth Level Institution

Abstract

Background : the infection of the operative site (ISO) it is defined as an indicator of quality in health service. In colorectal procedures, high prevalence is the most frequent cause of postoperative morbidity.

Aim: The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with ISO in a fourth level hospital institution.

Design: retrospective open cohort study.

Methods: this study included 199 patients undergoing colorectal surgery, between January 2017 and June 2019 who were followed for 30 days after the surgical procedure to detect ISO.

Results: the diagnosis of ISO was made in 28 patients (14.07%), between day 5 and 12 post surgery, with a median of 7 days. 16 patients (57.14%) of 28 with ISO had an ostomy and the prevalence of ISO in this group showed a p value = 0.002. The calculated incidence rate of ISO was 1.24 (95% CI: 0.52 - 2.81).The risk analysis showed an RR of 3.25 (95% CI: 1.68 - 6.29; p = 0.000) for the presence of an old ostomy. The prevalence of ISO was higher (71.43% in patients with scheduled surgery than in patients with an emergency procedure, (p = 0.829). ISO organ space was detected in 15 patients (53.57%), followed by superficial in 11 patients (39.29%).

Conclusions: in this study a decrease in the prevalence of ISO was observed in our institution compared to previous years and of all the variables studied, the presence of stoma was identified as an independent risk variable for the development of this complication